1. 神态动词表估测

　　(1)对如今、将来情况的估测，用神态动词+动词原形

　　对如今、将来情况的必定估测:must+动词原形

　　对如今、将来情况的否定估测:can’t +动词原形

　　对如今、将来情况的可以估测:may/might +动词原形

　　例句:what is he doing?

　　he must be sleeping./he can’t be reading./ he may/might be reading but i’m not sure.

　　(2)对曩昔情况的估测，用神态动词+have done sth.

　　对曩昔情况的必定估测:must+have done sth.

　　对曩昔情况的否定估测:can’t +have done sth.

　　对曩昔情况的可以估测:may/might +have done sth.

　　例句:it must / may / might / have rained last night. the ground is wet.

　　the door is locked. he cannot / may ( might ) not have been at home.

　　2. 有些倒装:否定词前置

　　(1)hardly/scarcely…when…

　　例句:hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

　　她刚一出门，一个学生就来造访她。

　　(2)no sooner…than…

　　例句:no sooner had the game begun than it began to rain heavily.

　　竞赛刚一初步就下起了雨。

　　3. 动词 ing 方法作独立主格规划:逻辑主语和主句主语纷歧致时选用。

　　例句:time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow. (=f time permits, we will go for a

　　picnic tomorrow.) 假守时刻答应，咱们明日会去野餐。

　　4. so…as to 规划:标明“如此……致使于……”。

　　例句:the girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse. 那个女孩振奋得喊哑了喉咙。

　　5. even if 引导的让步状语从句:“即便”。

　　例句: even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.

　　即便咱们在作业中获得了无量成果，也不大约骄傲。