2018年考研英语一真题text 2
【1段】①a new survey by harvard university finds more than two-thirds of young americans disapprove of president trump’s use of twitter.?②the implication?is that millennials?prefer news?from the white house?to be filtered?through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
【参考译文】哈佛大学的一项新调查发现，超过三分之二的美国年轻人不赞成特朗普总统使用推特。这说明千禧一代更愿意通过其他途径获取白宫新闻，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台。
【句子讲解】①本句是一个复合句。主句的主语为 a new survey、谓语为 finds省略引导词that)的宾语从句,作finds的宾语:介词短语by?harvard university作后置定语,修饰 a new survey。从句的主语为more than two-thirds of young?americans,谓语是 disapprove of,宾语是 president trumps use of?twitter.
②本句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 the implication,系动词是is,that引导的表语从句作
表语。从句由“主语( millennials)+谓语( prefer)+宾语(news)+宾语补足语( to be filtered)”构成;介词短语 from the white house作后置定语修饰news;介词短语 through other sources, not a?president social media platform作方式状语修饰 to be filtered。
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【生词】filter[?f?lt?(r)](信息、新闻等)慢慢传开;过滤
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【2段】①most americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. ②yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up?their media literacy skills. ③such a trend is badly needed. ④during the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by twitter users in the politically critical state of michigan was fake news, according to the university of oxford. ⑤and a survey conducted for buzzfeed news found 44 percent of facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
【参考译文】大多数美国人通过社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。但随着人们对各类媒体的信任度降低，他们开始提高自己的媒介素养能力。我们急需这样的趋势。牛津大学表示，2016年总统大选期间，在推特用户分享的关于选举关键州密歇根州的网页内容中，有近四分之一都是虚假消息。
buzzfeed新闻的一项调查发现，44%的脸书用户很少或根本不相信媒体巨头报道的新闻。
【句子讲解】②句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 people，谓语是may?be starting,动词不定式短语to?beef up their media literacy skills?作宾语。as引导的原因状语从句,作主句的原因状语从句中主语是distrust，谓语是 has risen;介词短语 toward all media作状语。句首的连词yet承接上文，表转折。
beef up 使更大（更好、更有意思等）;
【句子讲解】⑤句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 a survey谓语是 found，省略引导词(that)的宾语从句,作 found的宾语;过去分词短语 conducted for buzzfeed?news作后置定语,修饰 a survey.宾语从句中,主语是44 percent of?facebook users,谓语是 rarely or?never trust,宾语是news;介词短语from the media giant作后置定语,修饰news。句首的连词and表承接.
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【3段】①young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. ②a knight foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. ③they cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. ④“many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
【参考译文】在数字时代成长的年轻人现在越来越熟练地辨别网络信息的真伪。骑士基金会针对14到24岁年轻人展开的专题调查发现，他们用“分布式信任”来验证信息真伪。他们反复核对新闻来源，而且更喜欢拥有不同角度的新闻——尤其是那些对任何偏见都持开放态度的新闻。调查总结道：“许多年轻人都承担重大的个人责任，包括自学和寻找相反观点。”
【句子讲解】②句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 a knight?foundation focus-group survey,
谓语是 found,省略引导词(that的宾语从句作 found的宾语;介词短语 of young people作后置定语,修饰 survey:介词短语 between?ages14and24作后置定语,修饰 young people。宾语从句的主语是they,谓语是use,宾语是distributed trust,动词不定式短语to verify stories作目的状语。
【句子讲解】③句是一个复合句。主句的主语是they,and连接两个并列谓宾谓语:一是 cross-check,其宾语是 sources;谓语二是 prefer,其宾语是news,介词短语 from different perspectives作后置定语，修饰news。破折号后的内容补充说明 different?perspectives,其中,that引导的定语从句,修饰 those；从句中that代替先行词 those作主语,系动词是are，表语是open，介词短语about any bias作状语,表对象;副词 especially用于列举一个具有代
表性的例子,表强调。
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【4段】①such active research can have another effect. ②a 2014 survey conducted in australia, britain, and the united states by the university of wisconsin-madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
【参考译文】这样的积极探索还有另外一个影响。2014年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校在澳大利亚、英国和美国展开了一项调查，发现年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使得更多人参与到政治生活中来。
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【5段】①social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. ②this forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. ③a survey by barna research group found the top reason given?by americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. ④about a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. ⑤in other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. ⑥“this indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says roxanne stone, editor in chief at barna group.
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【参考译文】社交媒体让用户更直接、更快捷地参与到新闻事件中，他们还可以通过与他人分享新闻来展现自己的价值观和兴趣。这让用户更清楚地意识到他们在传播信息中起到的作用。巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为虚假新闻现象存在的主要原因是“读者错误”，其次才是报道虚假故事或事实错误。约有三分之一的人认为，虚假新闻的问题在于通过社交媒体来“曲解或夸大真实新闻”。换句话说，问题的关键可能是选择在社交媒体上分享新闻。
巴纳集团主编罗克珊·斯通表示：“这表明，在解决这一问题上，的确有我们的个人责任。”
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【句子讲解】①句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 social media,谓语是allows,宾语是 users,动词不定式短语 to experience news?events…immediately作宾语补足语,其中,副词比较级more
intimately and in experience.while+非谓语动词( permitting结构相当于一个时间状语从句即while social media also permits?them to re- share news.该从句中主语是 social media,谓语是 permits,宾语是them动词不定式短语to re- share news.作宾语补足语;副词also作状语,修饰permits,介词短语 as a projection作状语,介词短语 of their values?and interests作后置定语,修饰a?projection。
注意在上述时间状语从句中因从句的主语与主句的主语相同,故从句省略了主语 social?media,并将谓语动词 permits改成了其非谓语动词形式 permitting从而形成了while+非谓语动词结构.
【句子讲解】③句过去分词短语 given by americans和介词短语 for the fake news?phenomenon均作 the top reason given的后置定语。
【句子讲解】④句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 about a?third( of americans)谓语是say,省略引导词(that的宾语从句,作say的宾语,从句中主语是 the problem谓语是 lies in,宾语是“ misinterpretation or?exaggeration of actual news,介词短语 of fake news作problem的后置定语,介词短语via?social media作乍 misinterpretation?or exaggeration的后置定语。
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【6段】①so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media.
【参考译文】因此，年轻人在批评频繁发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维方面以及在选择什么时间在社交媒体上分享的自律精神。
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text2选自2017年4月30日 the christian science monitor(《基督教科学箴zhēn 言报》),原文标题为“ a rise?in critical skills for sharing news online”(《在线分享新闻中批判性能力的提高》)。文章借多个调查阐释“以千禧一代为代表的美国人的媒体素养正在增强,其对信息甄zhēn别的判断力及对信息分享的责任意识均在提升”。
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主题：年轻人对社交媒体批判能力的提高
第一段:美国多数年轻人反对总统使用推特,希望通过其他途径获取白宫的消息。
第二段:年轻人越来越不信任媒体,并开始提高自身媒体素养.
第三段:年轻人擅长通过参考多方来源以验证新闻的真假.
第四段:对社交媒体的依赖提高了年轻人的政治参与度.
第五段:出现虚假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”.
第六段:年轻人面对社交媒体表现出精神上的自律.
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一、数一数全文一共由几个段落组成
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二、逐一申阅5道题目的题干(特别提示首先仔细申阅最后一道题目的题干)。
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26.?according to the paragraphs 1 and 2, many young americans?cast doubt on（细节）
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【经验分享】：本题答案一般定位在第一段与第二段的首句；以及含有but ,yet ,if , because,比较级等重点句子；一段和二段的交集，它们中反复出现的东西。同时也是本段的中心，往往也是最后一题的答案，是后面每题参考的重要依据。
【关键词】：many young americans，cast doubt on使人对…产生怀疑
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27.?the phrase beef?up” (line2 para. 2) is closest in meaning to
考的是词汇题：beef 是牛肉，但单词的字母在7个以下的很难判断它的词性，这理 beef是动词，+介词，主要是看后面的介词表示的方向，趋势。up向上。beef?up” 只能从语境中具体分析。
28.?according to the knight foundation survey, young people【】
【关键词】：由26题可知：young people?，年轻人对…产生怀疑，这样才能与中心一致。
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29.?the barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news?problem?is
本题提到：巴纳调查发现,虚假新闻问题的主要原因是。
【关键词】：the fake news problem同26、28结合在一起，本文的话题是：美国年轻人不信新闻。在诸多原因中，主要的原因肯定与年轻人相关。
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30. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
联系前四个题干：美国年轻不信新闻，虚假新闻问题的主要原因是什么，将30题的备选项一一代入，用自下而上的逻辑，试图推出答案，这对其做它题有指导作用。
[a] a counteraction?against?the over-tweeting trend
[b] a rise in critical skills for sharing news online
[c] the accumulation of?mutual trust on social media
[d] the platforms for projection?of personal interests’
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counteraction这个单词不知道，但知道?against是反对，本答案是：反对某mǒu种东西。与前面题干相关。
counteraction [ka?nt?counter,contor是contra的变形）
anti-也是相反
mutual ?[?mju?t?u?l]adj.共有的; 共同的?(mut= to change)
projection [pr??d?ek?n](pro=before ;ject=throw;-tion后缀)
abject [??bd?ekt]adj.卑鄙的，下贱的
只有b 提到?news。答案是b.
下列哪一项是本文的最佳标题?
a.对过度使用推特这一趋势的抵制
b.在线新闻分享中批判性能力的提升
c.社交媒体上相互信任的积累
d.反映个人兴趣爱好的平台
由于我们大概推出了中心，现在自上而下来重新看题干，大概又能做一半。
26. according to the paragraphs 1 and 2, many young americans cast doubt on
[a] the justification of the news-filtering practice.
[b] peoples preference for social media platforms.
[c] the administrations ability to handle information.
[d] social media as a reliable source of news.
根据文章一、二段可知,许多美国年轻人对[ ??]产生怀疑。
a.新闻过滤这一做法的理由
b.人们对社交媒体平台的偏爱
c.政府处理信息的能力
d.社交媒体作为可靠的新闻来源
答案可能是[d] ，只有d.社交媒体作为可靠的新闻来源，与中心一致。
27. the phrase beer up” (para. 2) is closest in meaning to
[a] ?sharpen.[-en表动词,]
[b] define.
[c]boast.
[d] share.
短语“beer?up”(第二段第二行)的意思最接近:
a.提高
b.定义
c.吹嘘
d.分享
beef 是牛肉，但单词的字母在7个以下的很难判断它的词性，这理 beef是动词，+介词，主要是看后面的介词表示的方向，趋势。up向上。从备选答案中具体分析，只有[a] ?sharpen提高符合题意。
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28. according to the knight foundation survey, young people
　??[a] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.
　[b] verify news by referring to diverse sources.
　[c] have a strong sense of social responsibility.
[d] like to exchange views on .
verify [?ver?fa?]vt.核实; 证明; （ver=true,表示；ify表动词→使真实）
very真正的
根据奈特基金会的调查,年轻人[ ?]
a.倾向于在网络空间发表自己的看法
b.通过参考多方来源以验证新闻的真假
c.有强烈的社会责任感
d.喜欢就“分布式信任”交换意见
只有b.通过参考多方来源以验证新闻的真假与中心一致。
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29. the barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is(细节，快速阅读)
[a] readers misinterpretation.
[b] journalists biased reporting.
[c] readers outdated values.
[d] journalists made-up stories.
巴纳调查发现,虚假新闻问题的主要原因是
a.读者的曲解
b.记者偏颇的报道
c.读者过时的价值观
d.记者编造的新闻
30. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] a counteraction against?the over-tweeting trend
[b] a rise in critical skills for sharing?news?online
[c] the accumulation of mutual trust on social media
[d] the platforms for projection of personal interests’
下列哪一项是本文的最佳标题?
a.对过度使用推特这一趋势的抵制
b.在线新闻分享中批判性能力的提升
c.社交媒体上相互信任的积累
d.反映个人兴趣爱好的平台
只有b 提到?news。
三、顺藤摸瓜，根据中心年轻人在线新闻分享中批判性能力的提升，顺藤是顺着题干这根藤，摸到答案。也就是说：根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,利用不同的解题方法回到原文逐一寻找每一道题的准确答案信息来源或依据。答案必须有依据。
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26. according to the paragraphs 1 and 2, many?young americans cast doubt on
[a] the justification of the news-filtering practice.
[b] peoples preference for social media?platforms.
[c] the administrations ability to handle information.
[d]?social media?as a reliable source of news.
【?关键信息】?young americans，?cast doubt on
?
a.新闻过滤这一做法的理由
b.人们对社交媒体平台的偏爱
c.政府处理信息的能力
d.社交媒体作为可靠的新闻来源
【1段】①a new survey by harvard university finds more than two-thirds of young americans disapprove?of president trump’s use of twitter. ②the implication?is that millennials prefer news from the white house to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
【单词】
disapprove?[?d?s??pru?v]v.不赞成，反对;(dis=away)
prove证明, 证实
implication?[??mpl??ke??n] n. ?含义；暗指（im=into ;plic=fold重叠)
【2段】①most americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.?②yet as?distrust?has risen toward all media, people?may be starting?to beef up?their media literacy skills. ③such a trend is badly needed. ④during the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by twitter users in the politically critical state of michigan was fake news, according to the university of oxford. ⑤and a survey conducted for buzzfeed news found 44 percent of facebook users?rarely or never trust news?from the media giant.
①大多数美国人通过社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。②句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 people，谓语是may?be starting,动词不定式短语to?beef up their media literacy skills?作宾语。as引导的原因状语从句,作主句的原因状语从句中主语是distrust，谓语是 has risen;介词短语 toward all media作状语。句首的连词yet承接上文，表转折。 distrust与一段中disapprove表示否定，与题中cast doubt on相对应?。all media与一段中twitter与[d]中?social media相对应。
【经验分享】人民常说according to the paragraphs 1 and 2这种题型，是一、二段的交集。交集在什么地方？就是第一段最后一句——提示下文，第二段的第一句——承上启下，本题第一段最后一句：这说明千禧一代更愿意通过其他途径获取白宫新闻，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台。第二段的第一句大多数美国人通过社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。两句全提到social media，但是第二段 ②句有個yet,表示否定。答案显然是d.年轻人怀疑社交媒体作为可靠的新闻来源。
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【单词】
beef up 使更大（更好、更有意思等）;
literacy [?l?t?r?si]n.识字; 有文化（liter文字,字母+ary……的）
campaign[k?m?pe?n]n.运动; 战役;（camp=field）
27. the phrase beer up” (line2 para. 2) is closest in meaning to（词意）
[a] ?sharpen.
[b] define.
[c]boast.
[d] share.
【解析】beef 是牛肉，但单词的字母在7个以下的很难判断它的词性，这理 beef是动词，+介词，主要是看后面的介词表示的方向，趋势。up向上。从备选答案中具体分析，只有[a] ?sharpen提高符合题意。sharpen.[-en表动词,]
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28. according to the?knight foundation survey,?young people(细节；快速阅读)
　??[a] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.
　[b] verify news?by referring to diverse sources.
　[c] have a strong sense of social responsibility.
[d] like to exchange views on .
根据奈特基金会的调查,年轻人[ ?]
a.倾向于在网络空间发表自己的看法
b.通过参考多方来源以验证新闻的真假
c.有强烈的社会责任感
d.喜欢就“分布式信任”交换意见
【解析】由the knight foundation survey定位在三段?②句；?to verify stories?同b中verify news相对应。
?③句cross-check sources通过参考多方来源；?by referring to diverse sources..与prefer?news from different perspectives对应。
refer与prefer的汉语意思有差别，英文意思是非常的相近，它们共同的词根是fer,refer(re=again;fer=bring);prefer (pro=pre=before;fer=bring)。因此我们通过英语学英语。
【3段】①young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.?②a knight foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories.?③they cross-check sources?and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. ④“many young people assume（承担）?a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
【金句背记】many young people assume（承担）?a great deal of personal responsibility for …
native [?ne?t?v]土著;
perspective[p??spekt?v]n.透镜，望远镜;（per=through ;spect=look;-ive后缀）
assume?[??sju?m] 假设，认为; 承担（责任）; 获得（权利）（as=to原音 a+双辅音，从中间断开，表示强调；sume=take）
oppose [??p??z]（pose=put）反对; 与…角逐;
【4段】①such active research can have another effect. ②a 2014 survey conducted in australia, britain, and the united states by the university of wisconsin-madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
【参考译文】这样的积极探索还有另外一个影响。2014年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校在澳大利亚、英国和美国展开了一项调查，发现年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使得更多人参与到政治生活中来。
29. the barna survey found?that a main cause for the fake news problem is(细节；快速阅读)
[a] readers misinterpretation.
[b] journalists biased reporting.
[c] readers outdated values.
[d] journalists made-up stories.
巴纳调查发现,虚假新闻问题的主要原因是
a.读者的曲解
b.记者偏颇的报道
c.读者过时的价值观
d.记者编造的新闻
由barna 定位于【5段】?③句，【4段】没出题，5段】①句社交媒体让用户更直接、更快捷地参与到新闻事件中，他们还可以通过与他人分享新闻来展现自己的价值观和兴趣，这让用户更清楚地意识到他们在传播信息中起到的作用。为后面的“the top reason given by americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,””做铺垫，因为虚假新闻的问题在于通过社交媒体来“曲解或夸大真实新闻”。
“reader error,”??the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation?or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.可知答案是：a.读者的曲解
?
【5段】①social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projecti

on of their values and interests. ②this forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information.?③a survey by barna research group?found the top reason given by americans for the fake news?phenomenon is “reader error,”?more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. ④about a third say the problem of fake news?lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.?⑤in other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. ⑥“this indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says roxanne stone, editor in chief at barna group.
?
【参考译文】社交媒体让用户更直接、更快捷地参与到新闻事件中，他们还可以通过与他人分享新闻来展现自己的价值观和兴趣。这让用户更清楚地意识到他们在传播信息中起到的作用。巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为虚假新闻现象存在的主要原因是“读者错误”，其次才是报道虚假故事或事实错误。约有三分之一的人认为，虚假新闻的问题在于通过社交媒体来“曲解或夸大真实新闻”。换句话说，问题的关键可能是选择在社交媒体上分享新闻。
巴纳集团主编罗克珊·斯通表示：“这表明，在解决这一问题上，的确有我们的个人责任。”
【6段】①so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on（关于）?when to?share?on social media.
【参考译文】因此，年轻人在批评频繁发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维方面以及在选择什么时间在社交媒体上分享的自律精神。
30. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] a counteraction against?the over-tweeting trend
[b]?a rise in critical skills for sharing news online
[c] the accumulation of mutual trust on social media
[d] the platforms for projection of personal interests’
方法一、串针引线；
方法二、a rise in critical skills for sharing news online是对第六段的归纳总结。
?
下列哪一项是本文的最佳标题?
a.对过度使用推特这一趋势的抵制
b.在线新闻分享中批判性能力的提升
c.社交媒体上相互信任的积累
d.反映个人兴趣爱好的平台