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A. Stay calm

B. Stay humble

C. Don’ t make judgments

D. Be realistic about the risks

E. Decide whether to wait

F. Ask permission to disagree

G. Identify a shared goal

How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You

Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won’ t work. Youi seniorcolleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.

What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than youdo? How do you decide whether it’ s worth speaking up? And if you do, whatexactly should you say? Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful thanyou.

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You may decide it’ s best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe youhaven’t finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was asurprise to you, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. Ifyou think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather yourarmy first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking—allthe things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It’ s also agood idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other publicspace. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel lessthreatened.

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Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person caresabout —— it may be “the credibility of their team or getting a project done ontime. You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to “ahigher purpose”. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so thatyou’re seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who’ s tryingto advance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chessgame than a boxing match.

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This step may sound overly deferential, but it’ s a smart way to give thepowerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “Iknow we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasonsto think that won’ t work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?”This gives the person a choice, allowing them to verbally opt in. And, assumingthey say yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing yourdisagreement.

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You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whateveryou can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your bodylanguage communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sendsa mixed message, and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breathscan help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky, wetend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an eventone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makesyou seem confident, even if you aren’t.

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Emphasize that you’ re offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be awell-informed, well-researched opinion, but it’ s still an opinion, so talktentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying, ” If weset an end-of-quarter deadline,

we’ll never make it,” say, “This is just myopinion, but I don’ t see how we will make that deadline?” Having asserted yourposition (as a position, not as a fact) demonstrate equal curiosity about otherviews. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invitecritique. Be open to hearing other opinions.

2021年英语二新题型为选标题，根据空格下方文本段落大意进行总结概括，选出对应选项。本文围绕如何向比你有权力的人表示不赞同的想法，列举七个选项，含义分别为：

A、保持冷静(关键词：calm冷静的)

B、保持谦虚(关键词：humble谦虚的)

C、不要妄下判断(关键词：judgement评判、判断)

D、对风险要实事求是(关键词：risk风险，realistic实事求是的)

E、决定是否等待(关键词：decide决定，wait等待)

F、请求不同意的许可(关键词：askpermission请求允许)

G、确定共同目标(关键词：sharedgoal共同目标)

41. 正确答案：E. Decide whether to wait

解析：本段首句为总结句：你可以决定最好不要发表意见，其中decide为选项中的原词复现。后面句子列举出几种具体场景：你没想好;这次讨论对你来说是意外;想先搞清楚别人的想法;对方可能会反对你，以及私下谈话。当出现以上场景时，你可以再等等，延后或者不发表意见。故本题选E。注意理解选项含义，不是表面的“决定是否等待”而已，而应结合本文语境，补全选项“决定是否等待(时机)发表不赞同的观点”，与本段文意契合。

42. 正确答案：G. Identify a shared goal

解析：本题需要关注段落核心词，全段贯穿了“目标”这一字眼，比如第一句中的“the powerful person caresabout”(也就是领导关心什么)，即领导的目标;第三句中的“ahigherpurpose”(更高的目标);以及下一句中的“commonobjective”(共同的目标)。本题需注意选项和原文中shared一词不能理解为“分享”，要理解为“共享的，共同的”。

43. 正确答案：F. Ask permission to disagree

解析：本段第一句是对于小标题填空处这个建议的评价。You can say something like后面开始具体描述这个方式的做法，其中“Wouldthat be OK?”是一个很明显的请求允许的句子，故选择F，本题比较简单。

44. 正确答案：A. Stay calm

解析：本段中出现了很多字眼比如“heart racing”(心跳加速)、“face turning red”(脸颊通红)、“reluctance oranxiety”(不情愿和焦虑)、“Deepbreaths”(深呼吸)、“panicky”(恐慌)，都是具体地描述当遇到紧张焦虑情形时的表现，并且在文章中出现同义替换“helps the otherperson cool down and does the same for you”，所以本题选择A，保持冷静。

45. 正确答案：B. Stayhumble

解析：本段在撰写时，每句都使用到了一个短句“it’ s anopinion”，首句作者建议一定要强调你的分歧只是一种观点，而不是真理。并且在表达分歧时，即使你的观点多么有理有据，都要补充一句“这只是我的观点”，同时对他人的观点展现开放包容的态度。本段通过这样一个短句来建议读者在表达分歧时要谦虚，要委婉，要尊重他人，字里行间体现着谦虚谨慎的态度，故本题选B。